Green Party: 3,033 (0.27%)
Independent American Party: 51,535 (4.55%)
Libertarian Party: 7,111 (0.63%)
Non-Partisan: 181,960 (16.05%)
Other: 3,945 (0.35%)

California’s most recent voter registration statistics are from February 2011.

American Independent Party: 417,567 (2.43%)
Green Party: 113,118 (0.66%)
Libertarian Party: 92,246 (0.54%)
Peace and Freedom Party: 58,470 (0.34%)
Other: 121,019 (0.70%)
No Party Preference: 3,507,119 (20.41%)

Alaska’s most recent voter registration statistics are from

Alaskan Independence Party: 14,866 (3.01%)
Libertarian Party: 8,073 (1.64%)
Non-Partisan: 80, 833 (16.38%)
Undeclared: 183,045 (37.08%)
Constitution Party: 29 (.01%)
Green Party: 2,130 (0.43%)
Veterans Party: 1,427 (0.29%)

New York’s latest registration statistics were reported on November 1, 2011.

Conservative Party: 140,137 (1.32%)
Working Families Party: 38,290 (0.36%)
Independence Party: 398,830 (3.75%)
Green Party: 18,331 (0.17%)
Other: 3,059 (0.03%)
Blank: 2,135,863 (20.08%)

Minneapolis — Hundreds of people gathered in downtown Minneapolis Friday for the opening of the OccupyMN demonstration, patterned after weeks of protest in New York’s financial district.

….

The protest featured an appearance by Independence Party and former Gov. Jesse Ventura, who spoke as people started to gather. He compared the gatherings in New York, Minneapolis and around the country to recent revolutions around the world.

“I hope that this country can step forward and follow the leads that have happened in the Middle East to many of the Arab countries where people’s movements rose up and you see the results of them,” Ventura said.

He said he hopes the Occupy movement brings change to the U.S.

“It hasn’t yet, but if it continues and grows it will. Absolutely. And I hope that it does,” Ventura said.

He’s one of the most prominent former elected officials to speak to an Occupy rally. Former U.S. Sen. Dean Barkley attended the gathering hailed the efforts of the protesters, as did current state Rep. Jim Davnie, DFL-Minneapolis.

………

At about 2pm, demonstrators walked away from the Hennepin county government center and headed for the Federal Reserve Bank offices on Hennepin Avenue.

IPR notes (per wikipedia):

Dean Malcolm Barkley (born August 31, 1950) is a politician who briefly served as a member of the United States Senate from Minnesota following the death of Paul Wellstone. A founder and chair of the Minnesota Reform Party (the predecessor of the Independence Party of Minnesota), he chaired Jesse Ventura’s successful 1998 gubernatorial campaign; Ventura subsequently appointed him director of the state’s Office of Strategic and Long Range Planning. Barkley ran as the Independence Party’s candidate for the Senate in 2008, coming third to Al Franken and Norm Coleman.

….

(Jesse) Ventura ran for Governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the nominee for the Reform Party of Minnesota (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America). His campaign consisted of a combination of aggressive grassroots events and original television spots, designed by quirky adman Bill Hillsman, using the phrase “Don’t vote for politics as usual.” He spent considerably less than his opponents (about $300,000) and was a pioneer in his using the Internet as a medium of reaching out to voters in a political campaign.

He won the election in November 1998, narrowly (and unexpectedly) defeating the major-party candidates, St. Paul mayor Norm Coleman (Republican) and Minnesota Attorney General Hubert H. “Skip” Humphrey III (Democratic-Farmer-Labor).

The Green Party has selected Ian L. Murphy, editor of the irreverent Beast web site, based in Buffalo, to be its candidate for a special election in the 26th Congressional District…

Murphy, of Amherst, gained national attention last month following a phone call he placed to Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, in which he posed as conservative donor David Koch…  Assemblywoman Jane Corwin has won the endorsement of the Republican, Conservative and Independence parties.

Read the rest here.

“The local out in western New York has talked to a number of different candidates, and they forwarded the recommendation,” LaVenia said. Murphy “was the only one that they came to the conclusion represents Green values … and is willing to change his registration to Green and run as a Green.”

LaVenia said the state party is expected to finalize its endorsement by the end of the week. The special election is scheduled for May 24.

LaVenia said he believes that Murphy, previously registered with the Working Families Party, intends to run a serious campaign. But Republican nominee Jane Corwin at this point is favored, having avoided mistakes of previous New York special election candidates and secured the support of the Conservative Party.

Murphy’s entry into the race may be balanced by the entry of Millionaire Jack Davis, a Tea Party candidate who previously ran as a Democrat, and Iraq War veteran David Bellavia, who also sought and failed to secure the Conservative and Republican nominations, and may now run as Independent.

According to our earlier article the Democratic, Independence Party and Working Families ballot lines are still up for grabs, although the Democrats have a likely nominee.

Update: Per Gene Berkman in the comments, the Indpendence Party line will go to Jane Corwin, who is also the Republican and Conservative Party nominee.

Petitions for additional ballot lines are due in less than a week, including the Tea Party and independent candidates.

Given the circumstances that led to the special election and the circus-like atmosphere of the campaign that may be shaping up, it is perhaps appropriate that likely Green Party candidate Murphy might announce his campaign in a clown suit.

See also Poli-Tea.

According to this story, a New York State Supreme Court Justice has frozen $200,000 of funds that are in the bank account of the New York Independence Party.

According to this story in the New York Daily News, Thomas Golisano is one of the major financial backers of the movement to pass the National Popular Vote Plan bills. Golisano was the Independence Party’s gubernatorial candidate in New York in 1994, 1998, and 2002. Each time he ran, he received a larger share of the vote. In 1994, he received 217,490 votes and gave the Independence Party status as a qualified party. In 1998, when the New York Independence Party was the New York state unit of the Reform Party, he tried again and got 364,056 votes. And in 2002, he tried a third time and got 654,016 votes, which was 14.3% of the total vote cast.

On December 5, the Minnesota Republican Party voted to ban 18 Republican office-holders or former office-holders from participating in any official party activities for the next two years.  This even includes a ban on their representing Minnesota Republicans at the 2012 national convention.  The 18 individuals had all endorsed the Independence Party gubernatorial nominee earlier this year.  On the list are two former Republican Governors (Arne Carlson and Al Quie) and one former Republican U.S. Senator (David Durenberger).  See this story.

(excerpt from) NY Capitol News
The Real MacKay
A glimpse into the Independence Party chairman’s mind, and into his castle
Chris Bragg / November 18, 2010

In the ballroom of a castle on the Gold Coast of Long Island, Frank MacKay was straddling the line between king and court jester. For the former nightclub owner and record producer and the current Independence Party chairman, this is a familiar line…

MacKay throws four-course meals with Oheka’s owner, Gary Melius. They facilitate meetings between donors, politicians, investors and developers. The lunches also serve as a chance to woo MacKay, who has near-total control over many of the party’s local, and all the party’s statewide, endorsement decisions. Pretty much every major statewide candidate attended this year…

New York City Council Member Dan Halloran represents 161,000 constituents and is the highest elected Libertarian Party official in the nation elected from a single district in a partisan race. He ran as a fusion candidate and appeared on the ballot in 2009 as the candidate of the Republican, Conservative, Independence and Libertarian Parties. He credits the Libertarian Party for giving him the votes he needed to win since the number of votes he received on the Republican Party line alone were insufficient to beat his Democratic opponent. What is the next step for Dan Halloran and how might he end up becoming the first Libertarian Party candidate to be elected Governor of a state?

On Saturday, November 13, 2010, Dan Halloran was the guest speaker of the Libertarian Party of Queens County. During that meeting, he mentioned his commitment to serve as a New York City Council Member for only two terms even though he is eligible to serve for three terms under the grandfather clause attached to the amendments to the New York City Charter, which were approved this year. He also mentioned during his speech that he may be called upon to run for State Senate in the 11th Senatorial District since 38 year incumbent Republican Party member Frank Padavan lost that seat this year. If he does run for the State Senate, he will be able to do so in 2012 without risking his City Council seat, which is up for re-election in 2013.

If Dan Halloran won the State Senate seat in 2012, he could run for Attorney General of the State of New York in 2014 and then run for Governor in 2018, at the earliest. While my time line may be off, I believe the path I have spelled out is a reasonable one to give Dan Halloran a shot at becoming Governor of the State of New York. While addressing the Libertarian Party of Queens County, Mr. Halloran stated he believed the Libertarian Party’s first Governor would be an individual running as a fusion candidate with our endorsement. Of course, Queens LP members shouted they’d like that person to be Dan Halloran himself.

Dan Halloran is a member of the Libertarian Party of Queens County and the national Libertarian Party. He attended the Libertarian Party’s National Convention in 2010 as a delegate from New York State.

Last week, Rebecca Williamson, Socialist Workers Party nominee for U.S. House in Iowa’s 3rd district, polled 2.61% of the vote. The 3rd district includes Des Moines. That is the highest percentage that any party with “Socialist” in its name has received for U.S. House in Iowa since 1918. Williamson had a Democratic and a Republican opponent. The Socialist Workers Party has been running candidates in Iowa since 1948.

Williamson participated in a debate with her major party opponents that was broadcast on Iowa Public Television.

The only other Socialist Workers Party nominee for U.S. House who was on the ballot anywhere in the U.S. was Roger Calero, who ran in New York’s 15th district. Election night returns showed that he was polling 2.51% in a four-candidate race. His opponents were from the Democratic, Republican, and Independence Parties.

The Libertarian Party now has an automatic spot on the 2012 presidential ballot in 26 states.  If it meets the vote tests in New York and/or Utah, that will go up to either 27 or 28.  Four years ago at this time, the Libertarian Party had presidential ballot status in 24 states.  The changes relative to mid-November 2006, and now, are:  gains in Nebraska, North Carolina, and Ohio; and a loss in Wisconsin.

The Green Party now has an automatic spot on the 2012 presidential ballot in 14 states.  Four years ago at this time, the Green Party had it in 18 states.  The changes relative to mid-November 2006, and now, are:  gains in New York, Ohio, Texas, and West Virginia; and losses in Delaware, Illinois, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

The Constitution Party now has an automatic spot on the 2012 presidential ballot in 12 states.  Four years ago at this time, the Constitution Party had it in 13 states.  Changes are:  gains in Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin; and losses in California, Delaware, Montana, and Nebraska.

Parties with the name “Independent Party”, “Independence Party”, “Moderate Party”, “Reform Party”, or “Natural Law Party” are ballot-qualified for president in 2012 in these 13 states:  Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, and South Carolina.  This does not mean that these 13 state parties are necessarily associated with each other.  They are all parties without a fixed ideology.  The New Mexico Independent Party is still ballot-qualified for president because it met the vote test of one-half of 1% for President in 2008, and New Mexico gives parties that meet the vote test two elections.  However, the New Mexico Independent Party appears to be defunct.  The others are all functioning and had candidates on ballots in 2010.

Tom Horner of the Independence Party got 11.9% in this race, with several other candidates in the race:

Chris Wright Grassroots Party 7,513 0.4%
Farheen Hakeem Green Party 6,188 0.3%
Ken Pentel Ecology Democracy Party 6,178 0.3%
Linda Eno Resource Party 4,092 0.2%

In the other three gubernatorial races which the NY Times considers too close to call at this time:

Illinois, 99% reporting – 0.5% separate the Democrat and Republican

Scott Lee Cohen Independent 134,219 3.6%
Rich Whitney Green Party 99,625 2.7%
Lex Green Libertarian Party 34,293 0.9%

In Connecitcut, again 0.5% separate the Democratic and Republican candidates. With 99% reporting, Independent Party candidate Thomas Marsh has 17,223 votes for 1.5%.

Finally, in Vermont, with 98% reporting, NY Times lists the following results:

Peter Shumlin
Dem. 115,485 49.4%
Brian Dubie
Rep. 111,988 47.9%
Dennis Steele
Ind. 1,868 0.8%
Cris Ericson
Ind. 1,773 0.8%
Dan Feliciano
Ind. 1,289 0.6%
Em Peyton
Ind. 853 0.4%
Ben Mitchell
L.U. 423 0.2%

I believe that, as with some of the other states above, some of what the NY Times labels “Ind.” candidates actually did have a party label, but that’s all the time I’m going to put into researching this post at the moment. The names I recognize there are Dennis Steele, who is affiliated with a secessionist movement that wants to take Vermont out of the United States, and Cris Ericson, a libertarian/marijuana candidate. L.U. stands for Liberty Union, which is a socialist party in Vermont only.

Democrats are in the lead in all four races.

In New York, which allows fusion, it seems that finding statewide results broken down by party is nearly impossible. The state’s Board of Elections certainly doesn’t do it. Their idea of election night reporting is a letter explaining why they won’t bother, because it’s very hard to collect such information and report it.

Read more about Uncovered Politics’ methodology and conclusions here.

Update Note from Paulie: the first version of this story on IPR inadvertently left out the “not” in “not qualify,” although anyone who followed the link to the source would have seen it was my mistake.

Anyway…back to our original story…

And at Ballot Access News, Richard Winger writes:

Incomplete Data from New York Gubernatorial Race Seems to Suggest that Independence Party Fell to Fifth Row on Ballots

New York’s law on the order of political parties on the ballot is somewhat more famous than similar laws in other states. Many political junkies know that parties in New York appear on the ballots in party columns, or party rows, in order of how many votes they received in the last gubernatorial election.

Preliminary election returns seem to suggest that the Independence Party has moved from the third line, to the fifth line. See this story. This is because its gubernatorial vote total was apparently lower than it has ever been. The Conservative Party seems to have moved from the fourth line to the third line, and the Working Families Party from the fifth line to the fourth line.

All three of these parties nominated a major party nominee for Governor this year. The Conservative Party cross-endorsed the Republican nominee, Carl Paladino. The Working Families and Independence Parties cross-endorsed the Democratic nominee.

No New York media ever seems to explore the idea that the entire system of determining the order of party columns in New York might be unconstitutional. Courts in California, Illinois, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Oklahoma, in the past have struck down laws on the order of party columns on the ballot, or the order of candidates on the ballot, although not all of these decisions struck down laws that are identical to New York’s law. Thanks to Bill Van Allen for the link.

(excerpt from) Newsday
Voting under way on Long Island for pivotal Election Day
Reid J. Epstein / November 2, 2010

…Governor:
With [Andrew] Cuomo [The Democratic candidate] widely expected to win, part of the drama in this race will center around which minor parties secure the 50,000 votes necessary to win automatic ballot status for the next four years. Both Libertarian Warren Redlich and the Green Party’s Howie Hawkins predicted they will exceed that threshold, and [Carl] Paladino [The Republican candidate] also could reach it on his Taxpayers Party line…

State Assembly:

…[NY State Assemblyperson] Ginny Fields (D-Oakdale) [is fighting for her political life]…Fields, who lost the Democratic primary to Ken Mangan of Sayville, is running on the Independence and Working Families Lines…

FairVote is hosting a ranked-choice poll for Governor of Minnesota. The poll is a chance to see IRV (Instant Runoff Voting) applied in a race with several, third party candidates. The poll is at:

There is at least one Libertarian on the ballot across the U.S, in areas containing 81.9% of the voters, for the November 2010 election. The Libertarian Party, as is usual in midterm years, is on the ballot in more places than any other minor party.

For 2010, the equivalent percentages for other leading minor parties are: Green, 54.6%; Constitution, 39.0%; Working Families, 8.8%. Of course, most of the Working Families Party nominees are also Democratic Party nominees.

Also, 7.3% of the voters will see a candidate on the ballot with the Tea Party label, but there is no nationally-organized political party with that name. Voters will see the Tea Party label in Florida, Nevada, and in a single U.S. House district in New Jersey. And, 9.5% of voters will see an Independence Party nominee on their ballots, but there is no national political party with that name, just three particular state parties in Minnesota, New York, and South Carolina.

The Green and Libertarian Parties candidates for Governor joined together today in calling for any debates to be open to all ballot qualified candidates. To exclude them would be a subversion of the basic principles of democracy that the major parties pay lip service to.

The Libertarians and Greens are the third and fourth largest political parties in the country. They noted that a majority of voters support the development of third parties. In a Sept. 17 Gallup poll, 58% of Americans said a “third major party was needed” while only 35% felt that the Democrats and Republicans do an adequate job of representing the public.

Both Howard Hawkins and Warren Redlich have been left out of recent polling and given no explanation for this omission. Pollsters have made a critical decision for voters by not including them. Without sufficient polling numbers, debate hosts don’t feel obligated to include America’s biggest third party and their candidates. Ballot qualification is determined by the amount of votes received in the governor’s race.

Warren Redlich, the Libertarian nominee, and Howie Hawkins, the Green nominee pointed out that Cuomo (D-I-WF) and Paladino (R-C-T) have very similar platforms, while the Greens and Libertarians provide real choices to the public. Once the bastion of freedom and democracy, New York is starting to resemble the plaything of colonial overlords with it’s corruption and ruling hubris.

Redlich commented that “Cuomo and Paladino both claim they will get spending under control, but neither offers a real plan. I’m the only candidate who spells out where spending cuts should fall. Howie and I disagree in some areas, but we both agree that corporate welfare must end. This is a stark contrast with Cuomo, who is in bed with special interests, and Paladino, who is one the biggest cronies in crony capitalism. And we both support open debates so the people can better see such differences.”

Hawkins said that the two major party candidates share conservative economic agendas. While Cuomo distinguishes his moderate positions on social issues like abortion from Paladino’s social extremism, Hawkins said Paladino’s social issue policies are not in play because they would never go anywhere in the State Assembly.

“With the Illinois Senate Green Party candidate polling near 10%, third-party candidates are having a significant effect on elections this year. Voters are unhappy with both major parties and are looking for something better. Inclusive debates, and polls, will serve the people,” noted Redlich.

“After the primary, Andy Cuomo told the media that he has the same Tea Party agenda as Paladino but he would be more effective than ‘Crazy Carl’ by cutting public spending without offensive remarks. How is it that in one of the most liberal states in the country the media wants to pretend that only two economic conservatives are running for office? My pro-labor alternative is in the mainstream of the progressive political tradition of New York. Cuomo and Paladino are so conservative that Lazio as the Conservative Party nominee didn’t see any point in running,” Hawkins pointed out.

“Public jobs for full employment, single payer health care, fully funded schools, making the rich pay their fair share of taxes, and a ban on hydrofracking – these are five policies that have widespread support among New Yorkers. My Green New Deal, the progressive prosperity alternative to the conservative austerity agendas of Cuomo and Paladino, will not have a champion in the debates if I am not included,” Hawkins added.

Hawkins and Redlich noted that if just the two “three-party” candidates, Cuomo and Paladino, are in the debates, there will actually be six parties represented even though only two candidates will be allowed to speak, since both are on three ballot lines. Any ballot line that receives 50,000 votes becomes an official political party, with much easier ability to nominate candidates for office. Allowing Cuomo and Paladino to each try to establish three parties at the same time makes it far more difficult for real third parties to emerge, especially when their candidates are hidden so far down on the ballot by the fake third parties.

“The two major parties are always so willing to send our young men and women to die in foreign lands to protect the oil and gas companies under the guise of creating democracy, but they fight as hard at the can to prevent a real multi-party democracy here in America,” asked Hawkins, a former Marine who organized opposition to the Vietnam War.

The US Department of State, in promoting “democracy” in other countries, states: “Simply permitting the opposition access to the ballot is not enough. The party in power may enjoy the advantages of incumbency, but the rules and conduct of the election contest must be fair. It means debate. Democracies thrive on openness and accountability.” Yet the US is virtually alone among the world’s democracies in effectively limiting access to the ballot, funding, media, and debates to the two major political parties.

Released jointly by:

Howie Hawkins – Green Party
www.howiehawkins.org – www.gpny.org

Warren Redlich – Libertarian Party

http://wredlich.com/ny – http://ny.lp.org/

Media Release

For Immediate Release: September 29, 2010

Libertarian contacts: Eric Sundwall: 518-857-1731; Warren Redlich: 518-225-3710
Green contacts: Howie Hawkins, 315 474-7055; Mark Dunlea, 518 860-3725

On August 31, the MPR News-Humphrey Institute released a poll for the Minnesota gubernatorial race. It shows: Republican Tom Emmer 34%; Democratic-Farmer-Labor Mark Dayton 34%, Independence Party Tom Horner 13%, undecided or other 19%. See this story.

Horner, the Independence Party nominee, is already higher in this poll than Jesse Ventura was in similar polls at this point in the 1998 election cycle. Ventura was at 10% in polls in mid-September 1998, but he won with 37%. At that time the name of the Independence Party of Minnesota was the Reform Party.

Minnesota has a very active group working for Instant-Runoff Voting.

Howie Hawkins, the Green Party candidate for Governor, called today upon his Democratic opponent, Andrew Cuomo, to reject the Independence Party line following several new scandals involving payments by billionaire NYC Mayor Bloomberg and a loan to the wife of the state party chairperson by a NYC candidate.

“The Independence Party has just become another fake third party made possible by New York’s unusual fusion provisions. The Independence Party, fathered by billionaire Tom Golisano in his efforts to buy his way to the State Capitol, routinely sells their line in exchange for campaign contributions, patronage and favors for the party insiders. Mr. Cuomo claims he wants to clean up Albany and so far, bowing to the constant media attacks led by the NYC tabloids, has delayed his acceptance of the Working Families Party line while their financial operations are under investigation. Yet the Independence Party, which has a more prominent ballot position than the WFP, somehow passes Mr. Cuomo’s litmus test despite repeated examples of their influence peddling,”‘ noted Hawkins.

Hawkins said that candidates for public office in New York should run on only one line, rather than cluttering up the ballot with fake third parties and independent lines whose main function is patronage and vote-buying.

“I ask Mr. Cuomo to face off against me one on one, the Green Party line versus the Democratic line. These fake parties and bought independent lines clutter up the ballot in New York, making it very difficult for voters to find real third party candidates like the Greens, hidden away in obscure corners of the voting machine where you often have to kneel down to even see our names. At a minimum, New York should adopt the ballot rotation rules used in other states like California, where the placement of the names are rotated throughout the state so ballot placement doesn’t determine the winner,” said Hawkins.

Staten Island District Attorney Dan Donovan’s announced recently that his office was investigation reports of a $10,000 business loan by a failed NYC Council candidate from Staten Island to the wife of Frank McKay, the State Chairperson of the Independence Party. John Haggerty, a close Bloomberg campaign aide, was recently indicted for stealing $1.1 million of the mayor’s money; the funds were apparently partially being laundered by the Party to pay for Haggerty services to Bloomberg and partially intended to be used for “walking around” money on election day by the Party.

The Oneida County District Attorney is presently investigating the local Independence Party chapter. One part of the investigation is a check for $4,698.50 written by Republican congressional candidate Richard Hanna to the Chairman’s Club of the Independence Party of Oneida County which was supposedly to be used for advertizing costs but wasn’t.

In 2008, former Democratic congressional candidate Jack Davis apologized for $10,000 in payments he made to the wives of Western New York’s most influential Independence Party leaders that critics called “bribes.” Davis said his payments to the wives of Independence Chairmen Anthony L. Orsini Jr. of Erie County and Rafael Colon of Monroe County for “consulting” services were a “mistake.”

McKay announced a couple of years ago, following Golisano apparently circumventing state election finance laws in 2008 to dump $4.4 million in state legislative elections, that he was putting Steve Pigeon, Golisano’s point person from Buffalo, in charge of upstate endorsements for the Independence Party. Pigeon, the former Chair of the Erie County Democratic Party, recently became a $150,000 State Senate employee, his reward for working with Golisano last year to briefly deliver Sen. Pedro Espada to the Republicans. Espada and Pigeon are being investigated by the federal government for a money laundering scheme involving payments that a Town of Niagara company made to a Bronx entity that might have ties to Espada.

Long time Independence Party Executive Committee member Frank Morano, in recently resigning his party posts, stated, “Our party stands for nothing. The constant scandal and the perpetual infighting have made us a statewide laughingstock and we haven’t achieved a single substantive objective for which it was founded.”

Hahn is one of five Independence Party candidates, including former public relations executive Tom Horner, who are vying for their party’s nomination in the Aug. 10 primary. Hahn is a publisher.

He says the state needs to explore new ways to bring in revenue to deal with a projected multi-billion-dollar deficit.

His proposal would put six riverboats along the Mississippi River from Minneapolis to La Crescent. Based on riverboat gambling in other states, he estimates the boats would generate state and local tax revenues of $400 million to $600 million.

Hahn will face the Independence Party convention endorsed candidate, Tom Horner, in the primary.